indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
yikes!; eek!; ook; eek; customer
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
trouble; hardship; difficulty; anxiety; worry; concern
to collect; to assemble; to gather
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
musical note; note symbol; phonetic symbol (incl. the kanji and kana-doubling symbols, vowel-lengthening symbol, etc.); part of a kanji for which the role is primarily to represent the pronunciation (as opposed to the meaning)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
all; entire; whole; altogether
to snatch away; to dispossess; to steal
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
lion; left-hand guardian dog at a Shinto shrine
lively; full of spirit; energetic; healthy; well; fit
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
to get back; to regain; to recover; to make up (for); to catch up on
honorific/polite/humble prefix
carefree; comfortable; at ease; easygoing; happy-go-lucky
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
ear; hearing; edge; crust; selvedge (non-fray machined edge of fabrics); selvage
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to protect (someone); to look after (e.g. an injured leg); to defend; to cover for; to stand up for; to stick up for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
friend; ally; supporter; taking sides with; supporting; standing by
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
circumstances; conditions; situation; reasons; state of affairs
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
I wonder; do you think?; I might; some kind; some stage; somehow