indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take (someone) with one; to bring along; to go with; to be accompanied by
contrivance; managing (to raise money); one's financial condition
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
escape; break-out; prolapse; proptosis
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
certain; sure; doubtless; I have no doubt; You can depend on it; It's a safe bet
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to take in; to bring in; to capture (e.g. image); to import; to win over; to please
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to notice; to become aware; to be scrupulous; to be attentive; to recover consciousness; to come to oneself
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
only; merely; but; no more than
two persons; two people; pair; couple
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
destination; whereabouts; future; prospects
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
ship; boat; tank; tub; counter for boat-shaped containers (e.g. of sashimi)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to throw into; to toss into
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
quiet; silent; slow; unhurried; calm; peaceful
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk