Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
to arrive at; to reach; to sit on; to sit at (e.g. the table)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
please (give me); please (do for me)
bravery; courage; heroism
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
sacred teachings (esp. of Confucius); Confucianism; Christianity; Buddhism
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
at last; finally; barely; narrowly; just
disturbance; obstruction; hindrance; jamming; interference
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
than; from; out of; except; but; more
dragon (esp. a Chinese dragon); naga; semi-divine human-cobra chimera in Hindu and Buddhist mythology; promoted rook
period of time (usu. a period of approx. two hours corresponding to one of the signs of the Chinese zodiac); carving; engraving; strictness; cruelty
defense; defence; guard; policing; security
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be ordered (to do); to be charged with (a duty); to be assigned (a job)
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
ceremony; rite; ritual; service
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few