indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
glass (drinking vessel); glass (material); glasses (eyewear)
hero; the brave; man of valour (valor)
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
hostile relations; hostile relationship
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
recognition; awareness; perception; understanding; knowledge; cognition
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
splendid; nice; sufficient; fine (in the sense of "I'm fine"); well enough; OK
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to have a limit; to go too far (e.g. joke)
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to stop (moving); to come to a stop; to stop (doing, working, being supplied); to come to a halt; to alight; to perch on
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
true; real; genuine; proper; utter
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
follower; attendant; valet; servant
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to send or direct a person to
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to joke; to jest; to make fun of; to laugh at; to romp; to gambol
meteor; shooting star; falling star