indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
lots of; a ton of; a mountain of; piles of; heaps of; so many
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
match; game; bout; contest
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
baton (of command); order; command; direction
to joke; to jest; to make fun of; to laugh at; to romp; to gambol
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
supervision; control; superintendence; director; superintendent; supervisor
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
they; those guys; those fellows
probably; likely; perhaps; a lot of; much; many
look here; I say; well; I know what; I'll tell you what; just a minute
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
I'm off (and will be back later); see you later; to go (and then come back)
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
reason; cause; meaning; sense; (good) sense; reason
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
to be in the firing line; to bear the brunt of (an attack, criticism, etc.); to face (e.g. questioning)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
ball; ball (pitch delivered outside the strike zone); board (cardboard, pasteboard, etc.)
to kick; to refuse; to reject; to stamp (on the ground); to firmly press one's feet (against something)