Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
sit down; sit up; Sit! (to a dog)
hand; arm; handwriting; penmanship; 'shake' (command to have a dog place its paw in your hand)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
honorific/polite/humble prefix
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
thousand years; many years
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
coincidence; chance; by chance; unexpectedly; contingency
rehearsal; rehabilitation
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to notice; to become aware; to be scrupulous; to be attentive; to recover consciousness; to come to oneself
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
how; in what way; how about
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to be disappointed; to be dejected; to be downhearted; to feel exhausted; to feel drained
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...