indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to aim at (for, to do, to become); to try for; to have an eye on; to go toward; to head for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
all of Japan; the whole of Japan; all-Japan; all-Japan championships; (Japanese) national championships; Japan national team
newcomer; new figure; new member; modern humans (from Cro-Magnon man onwards); Homo sapiens
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
participation (in a tournament, match, race, etc.); entry; appearance (on the stage, television, etc.); exiting (a venue, train station, etc.); exit; being dispatched (of an ambulance, fire engine, etc.)
rival; competitor; competition
black; black stone; guilt; guilty person
eagle (Accipitridae family)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
bang; bam; noontime signal gun (carried out early Meiji to Taishō); noon gun; last round in a game of 12 rounds; precisely
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
white heat; incandescence; (emitting) white light; becoming excited; getting heated (e.g. of a discussion); reaching a climax
development; evolution; expansion; spreading out; expansion (of an algebraic expression); development (of a three-dimensional shape); extraction (of compressed data)
hindrance; obstacle; to visit (someone's home); demon who hinders Buddhist training; demon who obstructs sentient beings from maintaining moral behaviour
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); province (of Japan)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
underground; below the ground; world of the dead; the grave; underground (activities, movement, etc.); secret
deep (hole, forest, snow, etc.); dense (e.g. fog); thick (e.g. weeds, woods); close (e.g. relationship); deep (involvement); intense (e.g. longing, flavor); severe
revival (of an old system, custom, fashion, etc.); restoration; return; resurrection; rebirth
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
faithful; devoted; loyal; honest; true
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
servant; manservant; menial
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
now; the present time; just now; another; more
several hundred; hundreds (of)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged
to awake from one's sleep
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
again; once more; a second time
rule; domination; direction; management; control (of one's destiny, public opinion, etc.); governing
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")