indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to like; to be pleased with; to be delighted with; to take a liking to; to suit one's fancy
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
of course; certainly; naturally
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
to resemble; to look like; to be like; to be alike; to be similar; to take after
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
people; men and women; each person; everybody
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
frantic; frenetic; inevitable death; brinkmate (inevitable checkmate)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to ask a high price; to overcharge
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to leave alone; to leave as is; to ignore; to neglect
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
than; from; out of; except; but; more
seven; seven years of age; four o'clock (old time system)
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
point; tip; head (of a line); front; first; before; (the way) ahead
minute (unit of time); fun (one tenth of a monme, 5.787 grains)
house for rent; rented house; renting a house
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
citizen; citizenry; city inhabitant; townspeople; bourgeoisie; middle class
taking refuge; finding shelter; evacuation; escape; seeking safe haven
to advance; to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to improve; to deepen
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?