Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
repair; mending; fixing; servicing
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
expresses a firm view or feeling; please ...; would you ...
equipment; device; installation; stage setting
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
alright; all right; right on; looking good; OK; okay
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
honorific/polite/humble prefix
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to exclude (someone); to shun; to ignore; to leave out; to ostracize
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to have (e.g. lunch); to take (e.g. vitamins)
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
program (e.g. TV); programme
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
as you were; return to your original position!; er, rather
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
speech; words; one's lines; remarks
to be careful; to pay attention; to take care
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
starting (machine, engine, car, etc.); activation
at once; immediately; without delay; promptly