until now; so far; up to the present
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
transport aircraft; transport plane
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
chance; opportunity; machine; aircraft; counter for aircraft; counter for (remaining) lives
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to come near; to let someone approach; to bring near; to bring together; to deliver (opinion, news, etc.); to send (e.g. a letter); to let someone drop by
to send; to forward; to hand over (e.g. money)
to touch; to feel; to get involved (with); to approach; to be harmful to; to hinder
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
woman; lady; adult female
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to be separated; to be apart; to leave; to go away; to leave (a job, etc.); to quit
to throw away; to cast away; to abandon; to desert; to give up; to resign
straight (ahead); direct; upright; straightforward; honest; frank
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to rush (to); to dash; to retreat; to flee
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to bend; to curve; to turn; to be awry; to be askew
to shoot (at); to attack; to defeat; to destroy
adds force or indicates command
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
tree; shrub; bush; wood; timber
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to avoid (physical contact with); to avoid (situation); to ward off; to avert; to put aside; to move out of the way
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
(not) particularly; (not) especially; (not) specially; separately; apart; additionally