indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
commander-in-chief; leader; head of a group of companies
Heiman; Heimann; Heymann; Hyman
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
house (e.g. of Tokugawa); family
revival; restoration; resuscitation
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
decision; determination; resolution
pair; the two; both persons; both things
separation; farewell; parting
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
plate; dish; serving; helping; kanji radical 108 (at the bottom)
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
cutlet (usu. crumbed and fried)
to be filled with grief; to be overcome with sorrow
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
to go out (e.g. on an excursion or outing); to leave; to depart; to be about to leave; to be just going out
wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to play (games, sports); to enjoy oneself; to mess about (with alcohol, gambling, philandery, etc.); to be idle; to do nothing; to meet up (with friends); to hang out
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
trouble; bother; trouble; difficulty; care; attention