indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
though; notwithstanding; although
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
sphere; circle; range; category
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
house (e.g. of Tokugawa); family
to hold (in one's hand); to take (into one's hand); to own; to obtain
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
tactics; strategy; military operation; naval operation
(in) the middle of; (in) the midst of; (in) the course of; (at) the height of
to catch; to capture; to grasp (e.g. meaning); to perceive; to captivate; to move (one's heart)
return to base (of soldiers, military aircraft or ships)
comprehension; consent; understanding; OK; roger (on two-way radio)
each; (arch.) you (plural)
original; unique; distinctive; independent; one's own; personal
movement; transfer; migration; mobile; moving; traveling
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
what?!; what did you say?!; why?; what for?; anyone; anything
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to be sufficient; to be enough; to be worth doing; to be worthy of; to do (the job); to serve
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
process; procedure; sequence; protocol; instruction
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
inconsequential; indifferent; not worth worrying about; whatever; whichever; I don't care
preparation; arrangements; getting ready; provision; setup; reserving
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
ship; boat; tank; tub; counter for boat-shaped containers (e.g. of sashimi)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
please; somehow or other; one way or another
(please) try to; (please) look; seeing; looking
gate; branch of learning based on the teachings of a single master; division; phylum; counter for cannons
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
seriousness; earnestness; truth; sanctity
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to hit (e.g. one's head); to strike; to throw (e.g. a ball, a question, a demand); to express; to vent (e.g. one's anger)