indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
by means of; due to; because of; according to
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
function; facility; faculty; feature
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
stoppage; coming to a stop; ceasing (movement, activity, etc.); suspension (of operations); suspension (of payment, licence, etc.); (temporary) prohibition
town; city; municipal; urban
one o'clock; once; at one time; for a time; for a while; a time
crisis; critical situation; emergency; pinch
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
shameless; infamous; disgraceful
the most; the best; peerless; the greatest; first-rate
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
how; in what way; by what means
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
myself; yourself; I; me; you
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
proposal; offer; request; application
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
interview; audience; meeting; (viewing) party
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then