cicada; locust; small-sized pulley
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
cry (esp. animal); roar; chirp; tweet; bark; whine
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
love; love-making; passion; emotion; affections
study; research; investigation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
various; all sorts of; variety of; (arch.) various colors (colours)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
alteration; falsification; faking
past; after; too (much); over- (e.g. eating)
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it; I mean
on the way; en route; in the middle of; midway; halfway
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
change; variation; variety; diversity; inflection; declension
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
face; mask; face guard; (in kendo) striking the head; surface (esp. a geometrical surface); page; aspect
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
tangent point; point of contact; contact (electrical, etc.); point of agreement; common ground
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
unflaggingly; steadily; untiringly; knocking; tapping; clicking
sound of footsteps; sense or sign that something is approaching
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest