have a good day; take care; see you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
house (e.g. of Tokugawa); family
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
private tutor; coach; governess
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
going to war; departure for the front; departure for military service (in response to a draft)
covering; protection; backing; relief
meeting; assembly; party; society; association; club
maid; helper; help; assistance
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
two persons; two people; pair; couple
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to stand, walk, etc. shoulder-to-shoulder; to be on a par with
to go out (e.g. on an excursion or outing); to leave; to depart; to be about to leave; to be just going out
to see someone off (at a station, an airport, etc.); to escort (e.g. home); to follow something with one's eyes until it is out of sight; to let pass; to pass up (an opportunity etc.); to shelve (a plan, deliberation on a bill, etc.); to postpone
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
sudden; abrupt; urgent; pressing; steep; sharp; rapid
envious; jealous; enviable (position, etc.)
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
work; labor; achievement; performance; salary; income
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
of course; certainly; naturally
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
than; from; out of; except; but; more