indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
crime; sin; penalty; sentence; fault; responsibility
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
before the gate; in front of the gate
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
courting; wooing; making advances
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
study of foreign languages; linguistics
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to cross over; to cross; to pass through; to exceed; to surpass; to be more (than)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
attack; assault; attempt; try
charming; fascinating; attractive
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
once; before; formerly; never yet; never before; first time
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
don't you think?; indicates question
before one's eyes; in front of one; under one's nose; immediate; imminent; around the corner
distinction; difference; separate; different; exception; exclusion
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
many; much; majority (of); greater part (of); mostly; mainly
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to talk about; to speak of; to recite; to chant; to indicate; to show
furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
another (person); the other person; one more (person)
to think about; to send one's heart out to; to give more than a passing thought to; to think of something far away; to think nostalgically upon (esp. one's hometown)