laborer; labourer; blue-collar worker
strangeness; abnormality; disorder
without; unacceptable; not alright; unsatisfactory
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
ship; boat; tank; tub; counter for boat-shaped containers (e.g. of sashimi)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
port (left side of vessel)
sailing ship; sailing boat; sailing vessel
ruins; wreckage; wreck; broken remains; debris
discovery; detection; finding
necessary; indispensable; must-have; must; juice of grapes or other fruit prior to fermentation into wine
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
three (long cylindrical things); three-of-a-kind (in a dealt hand)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
seeming to be; appearing to be; like; similar to; in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
plate (often as in "tectonic plate")
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to ascertain; to check; to make sure
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to approach; to draw near; to gather (in one place); to come together; to stop by (while on one's way to another place); to drop by; to grow old
please (give me); please (do for me)
comprehension; consent; understanding; OK; roger (on two-way radio)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question