wave; billow; ups and downs; (something) advancing step by step; (something) surging forward inopposably; tendency
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
sound; noise; (musical) note; fame
all present; all concerned; all of us
(sound of) laughter; laughing voice
summer vacation; summer holiday
research; study; investigation
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
then; well; so; well then
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
theme; topic; subject matter; motif; project; slogan
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
let me see; well; errr ...; uhh ...
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to examine; to look up; to investigate; to check up; to sense; to study
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!