he; she; this; this one; Hey, you!; You bastard!
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
substitute; replacement; stand-in; proxy; compensation; exchange
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
well; properly; best regards; please remember me; just like ...; as though one were ...
request; favour (to ask); wish; please
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
candidate; contender; prospect; candidacy; candidature; nomination
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
to sing; to sing (one's praises in a poem, etc.); to compose a poem; to recite a poem
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
please; somehow or other; one way or another
judgment; judgement; divination; judgement
please (give me); please (do for me)
to become good-looking; to start looking appropriate (for something)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
yoo-hoo; halloo; hi-de-ho; howdy; hey
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
performance (e.g. music, dance, pantomime, etc.)