here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
to attach; to join; to furnish (a house with); to wear; to put on; to keep a diary; to make an entry
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
important; serious; valuable; precious; serious matter; major incident
local specialty or souvenir bought as a gift while travelling; present brought by a visitor; something unpleasant that one is given (e.g. an illness while on vacation); unwelcome gift
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
defective article; damaged goods; deflowered girl; unvirtuous girl
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
cannot (due to external circumstances); cannot afford to; must not; impossible to; no way one can (do)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to turn one's hand to; to reach out one's hand; to get involved in; to make a move on; to strike; to beat
to vomit; to throw up; to emit; to send forth; to give (an opinion); to make (a comment)
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
to look after; to take care of; to be put in charge of; to be given responsibility for; to withhold (an announcement); to reserve (judgment)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to receive; to get; to accept; to take; to interpret; to understand
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
small; little; slight; below average (in degree, amount, etc.); low (e.g. sound); soft (e.g. voice)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if that's the case ...; if so ...; that being the case ...