indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
3 o'clock; afternoon snack (eaten around 3 o'clock); three ages of Buddhism (following the death of Gautama Buddha; age of the true law, age of the copied law, and age of the degeneration of the law); three ages of the dharma
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
Broadway (IND Crosstown Line)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
now; the present time; just now; another; more
overhead power line; aerial wiring; overhead line (for trains, trams, etc.); overheard wire
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
time; hour; period; class
closing; closure; shutdown; lockout
city; Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
blind spot (e.g. of a driver); dead angle; dead ground; dead space
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to stand watch; to stand guard; to look out; to open (one's eyes) wide
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
subordinate; underling; henchman; minion
to go into; to come into; to penetrate; to become complicated
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
to play a dirty trick; to use underhanded methods; to hit below the belt; to play false
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
in that way; thus; so; so?
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to be lucky; to be in luck; to be attached; to have; to be included
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen