indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to leave as; to view as; to maintain the status quo
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
huh?; eh?; what?; oh; hey!; look!
what's the matter?; what's wrong?
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
the other day; lately; recently; meanwhile; in the meantime
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
midterm (mid-semester) test or exam
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
in bad shape; not doing well; not going well; out of condition; in poor form
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
way to use something; treatment; management (of help)
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
use; application; employment; utilization; utilisation
(printed) instructions; manual; explanatory leaflet (pamphlet, note); description
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
let me see; well; errr ...; uhh ...
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to touch; to feel; to get involved (with); to approach; to be harmful to; to hinder
please (give me); please (do for me)
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to get on (train, plane, bus, ship, etc.); to get in; to get on (e.g. a footstool); to step on; to reach; to go over; to follow
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to support (someone) financially; to finance; to supply (money); to present (money or gifts) to a monarch (feudal lord, etc.)
(a place) out of one's reach