wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
horizontal (as opposed to vertical); lying down; side-to-side (as opposed to front-to-back); width; side (of a box, etc.); beside
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
gate (for entry, boarding, etc.); gate; logic element
release; unleashing; liberation; deallocation (of computer memory)
signal; signalling; signaling; traffic light; traffic signal
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
confirmation; verification; validation; review; check; affirmation
route; course; path; one's future course (e.g. after graduating high school)
without change; as is; just like; extremely similar; immediately; just after
entry into port; arriving in harbor
comprehension; consent; understanding; OK; roger (on two-way radio)
than; from; out of; except; but; more
incoming telephone call; telegram received
your; indicates high rank or status; indicates love and respect (usu. for an older person)
supply; supplying; replenishment
goods; materials; commodities; resources; supplies
carrying in (esp. heavy objects, artwork, furniture); bringing in; taking in
preparation; arrangements; getting ready; provision; setup; reserving
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
completion; conclusion; perfect (tense, form, aspect)
oscillation; vibration; swing (e.g. of a pendulum)
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
that way; that direction; there; that (one); you; your family
vice-minister; undersecretary
assistant ...; probationary ...
sole prerogative; exclusive prerogative
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
at last; finally; barely; narrowly; just
complete; completion; perfection; accomplishment
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?