to lead; to take the initiative; to take precedence (e.g. sadness taking precedence over anger); to be most essential
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
not yet seen; unseen; unacquainted; unknown
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
as soon as possible; ASAP; even a little early
assistance; help; aid; support; reinforcement
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
talent; gift; function; noh (theatre)
to stop (moving); to come to a stop; to stop (doing, working, being supplied); to come to a halt; to alight; to perch on
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to discover; to find (e.g. an error in a book); to locate; to find (e.g. something missing); to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
adds force or indicates command
what the?; what's going on?; what's this?
acceleration; speeding up
by means of; due to; because of; according to
use; utilization; utilisation; application
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
stake; post; pile; (arch.) stump
compression; condensation; constriction; compaction
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
most; highest; maximum; best; wonderful; finest
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
strength; intensity; strong (e.g. glasses); powerful (e.g. lens); intense (e.g. fear)
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then