indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
end of a century (esp. 19th); fin-de-siècle
guy; fellow; chap; bastard; asshole; arsehole
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to show someone (into a room)
angrily; in a huff; high on marijuana; tender (to chew)
to knock (someone) to their feet; to knock down; to send flying; to strike; to drive away (one's sorrows, worries, etc.); to dispel
papa; dad; daddy; sugar daddy
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be decided; to be settled; to be unchanging; to be the same (as always); to be a fixed rule; to be destined; to be well executed (of a manoeuvre in a sport, game, etc.)
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
Eh?; What?; Come on!; Damn!
hindrance; obstacle; to visit (someone's home); demon who hinders Buddhist training; demon who obstructs sentient beings from maintaining moral behaviour
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to place on (something); to give (someone) a ride; to give a lift; to load (luggage); to carry; to send out (on the airwaves, etc.); to deceive
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
endurance; patience; perseverance; self-control; self-restraint
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
worry; concern; anxiety; care; help; aid
overprotective; excessive care; overprotection; overprotectiveness
cherishing one's children; doting; adoring parent
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
gap; difference; disparity; discrepancy
very; considerably; by no means; not readily; middle; half-way point
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
reason; cause; circumstances
older sister; lass; young lady
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
to mind (negative nuance); to care about; to worry; to pay undue (amount of) attention to (something)
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?