indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
beyond; across; the other side; the distance
Chinese "star" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); Singapore
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
star (usu. not including the Sun); planet (usu. not including Earth); star (glyph, symbol, shape); star (actor, player, etc.); small dot; spot; star point (in go)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
original; unique; distinctive; independent; one's own; personal
to make progress; to develop; to evolve (method, style, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
civilization; civilisation; culture; Bunmei era (1469.4.28-1487.7.20)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to build; to construct; to erect; to amass (e.g. fortune); to pile up
bebop (1940s popular music)
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
north; the North; northern territories; North Korea; (arch.) north wind
pirate; sea robber; buccaneer; freebooter
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
cavern; cave; cave system; grotto
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
to notice; to recognize; to recognise; to become aware of; to perceive; to realize
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to scheme; to plan; to play a trick; to invent; to conspire; to frame up
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable
well done!; good job!; good work!; you did it!; bravo!
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
adds force or indicates command
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence